Beat butter and sugar with an electric stand mixer on medium-high speed until light and fluffy.
Add eggs and vanilla. Beat on medium until combined. Scrape the sides of the bowl as needed to ensure all ingredients are mixed.
In a separate bowl, stir together flour, cocoa powder, baking powder, and salt in a medium bowl.
With the mixer on low speed, add flour mixture to butter mixture, beating until just incorporated.
Shape dough into a disk and wrap tightly in plastic wrap. Refrigerate for at least 2 hours or up to 2 days.